Cell is the basic structural & functional unit of life. The cell is the simplest unit capable of carrying all the life activities. The cell may be defined as "a unit of biological activities delimited by a selectively permeable membrane & capable of self reproduction in a medium free of other living systems.
Wednesday, July 6, 2011
Human responsibilitis for the protection of earth
Nature is the sources of supporting life. It must be kept balanced for which human being must try to follow & understand their responsibilities.some of the responsibilities are;
- Nature resources must be properly utilized ,recycled &conserved. we must find out the alternatives of natural resources.
- Wild life especially endangered species must be kept preserved by protecting habitat of wildlife.
- Indiscriminate cutting of forests trees should be checked & hunting should be stopped.
- Afforestation programmed should be done.
- Use of pesticides should be discouraged.
- Must aware the people to follow the family planning strategies &make better hygienic conditions.
Responsibilitis of modern biologists
Man occupies a special position in the living world. Man is trying to understand nature and has been making efforts to control according to the needs. Man has solved a few of the problems but there are still a number of problems like hazards of radiation ,hunger, incurable diseases and steady population increases & deterioration of environment. In some parts the world due to nuclear explosion the environment becomes dangerously polluted. This has area effects on the plants & animals that area 7tjher may appear some sudden changes in the characters of the plants & animals. Modern zoologists are engaged in the solution of these problems.the available resources for human life like food and houses will be a problem for the country. Although the biologists have been able to find out the medicines for the diseases , still there are some incurable diseases like cancer,heart,allergy etc. for which no medicines have been yet discovered.Thus it is felt that the study of biologists is not only necessary but it is essential for human welfare.
Non-living things characteristic
- No definite shape & size.
- Cellular structure and protoplasm absent.
- No movement is seen.
- Nutrition,respiration, metabolism,&excretion are absent.
- Irritability is absent.
- No reproduction.
- Cannot repair the injured part.
- It has no definite age.
living things characteristic
- It has definite shape & size.
- Body is made up of cells containing protoplasm.
- It's shows movement.
- Nutrition,respiration,metabolism,&excretion are present.
- Phenomenon of irritability is present.
- It can reproduce.
- It can repair injured parts.
- Lives to a certain age and then dies.
Life cycle
During development an animals or a plant passes through different stages before attaining an adult individual. In any living organism these stages are passed in a cycle and so the different stages of the developing individual from the formation of zygote up to the adult stage is called is life cycle. This is characteristic of higher living organisms and is absent is non -living.
Growth
Growth is increases in size followed by permanent change in it's form. Living organisms as a result of building up of protoplasm with in the cells and this is due to intrinsic growth of the organism.In non-living increases in size may take place but this is due to deposition of materials on it's outer surface.
Reproduction
Living organisms have ability to produce young once. The process of living birth to the young ones of it's own kind is called reproduction. Lower organisms reproduce asexually whereas the higher organisms reproduce sexually.Reproduction is essential
- To increases the number of it's own kind &
- For continuation of race of the organism.But a non-living like a stone or a chair cannot reproduce it's own kind.
Irritability
It's the ability of organism to responds to the stimuli. Any change in the environment is called stimulus & the response of the organism to the stimulus is due to irritability. The movement of plant towards light, contraction & expansion of pupil due to change in the intensity of light ,etc. are the examples of sensitivity or irritability.
Excretion
Excretion means discharge of metabolic wastes. Due to metabolic process insides the body,many excretory products like co2,water,salts,urea,acid,craetinine etc.are formed as these substances are very toxic ther fore ,they are urgently required to expel out from the body. The removal of these waste substances is called excreation.
Repair of injured part
Living body an repair an injuries part but non-living cannot do so. For example, If a small part of a stone is broken it cannot repair the broken end.
Metabolism
Various physiological activities are going on inside the body of living organisms. All these physiological activities together called as metabolism. It can divided in to two groups
- Anabolism
- Catabolism
- Anabolism is a constructive process. one of the process is photosynthesis. I this process,glucose in synthesized.
- Catabolism is a destructive process. In this substances are broken down. One of such process is respiratin . Glucose is broken down in to the water,& energy.
Respiration
All the living things perform respiration. In this process oxygen is taken in to the oxidises the food in order to release enerzy. Co2 &h2o are released as the by the products . To carry out this process, various respitary organs are found in organisms. A non-living things cannot perform respiration.
Nutrition
Every living organisms requires food for the energy to perfofm various body functions . nutrition is a process of talking food. Plants are autrotroups as the they can synthesis the food for their own by photosyntheis . Animals are heterotrophs as they dependent on their for foods .Non-living have not such type of nutrition.
Movement & locomotion
Movement is a process in which the entire body from one place to another. Generally locomotion is commonly seen in animals. Animals generally move from one place to another by a locomotory organs .Amoeba moves by pseudopodium by cilia ,insecta by wings and man by the legs .
Movement in plants is generally due to external stimuli and shows slow movement . plants are fixed to the soil so they cannot move. The bending of the plants towards light is also a kind of the movement.
Movement in plants is generally due to external stimuli and shows slow movement . plants are fixed to the soil so they cannot move. The bending of the plants towards light is also a kind of the movement.
Cellular structure & protoplasm
all living beings are made up of small unit cell. Each cell is the structural &functional unit of the body containing protoplasm which performs all the functions of body. Hence protoplasm is called the physical basis of the life.
Definite shape and size
All living things organisms have definite shape and size. Due to this shape and size, we can distinguish them from one to another. Non-living things has no definite shape & size. For example ,stone,sand,water,and a pieces of wood have no definite shape & size.
Characteristics of living things
Living organisms have their own characteristics . on the basis of certain characteristics living organisms can be distinguished from non-living like stone ,car,pencil etc .The living organisms have the following characteristics which are not found in non-living organisms.
- Definite shape&size
- Cellular&protoplasm
- Movement & locomotion
- Nutrition
- Irritability
- Reproduction
- Growth
- Life-cycle
- Respiration
- Metabolism
- Excretion
- Repair of injured part
- Ageing & death
scopes of zoology in the field of health & disease
zoological knowledge and theories are to maintain health & to control the epidemic diseases . but still there is some dangerous medical problems which need further study , for example , control & cure of cancer & cardiovascular diseases .Protozoans and helminths are responsible for causing many diseases .the control & cure of these diseases are studied by economic zoologists.The process of medical technology is intimately connected with the application of drugs on animals. similarly the drugs for diphtheria,typhoid &other diseases were found only after tiresome experiments on animals. Without theses animals it would have been impossible to discover the medicines for several human diseases.
scopes of zoology
study of zoology is greet importance to man. it has helped man to recognize the living things and to adapt himself according to the environment .zoologist acquires the power to evaluate the nature which is not possible by other means.the scopes of applied zoology are innumerable .it provides the knowledge of medicine ,dentistry,veterinary medicine , medical technology,nursing,zoological research,environmental science &conservation.
there is very possibility that our nonrenewable natural resources will be exhausted in near future.
there is equilibrium between plants &animals on the earth . man is also included in this struggle and associated with other animals due to some other needs. one can have a through knowledge of these associations through the study of zoology.
there is very possibility that our nonrenewable natural resources will be exhausted in near future.
there is equilibrium between plants &animals on the earth . man is also included in this struggle and associated with other animals due to some other needs. one can have a through knowledge of these associations through the study of zoology.
Tuesday, July 5, 2011
Relation of biology with nother sciences
Now a day , the term of the biolgy is brodly named as "life sciences" so as to cover it's wide scope. the study of life sciences involves knowledge of other basic sciences such as physics, & chemistry , becauses of the relationship of their branches from wide aspect . The physiological activities of the plant & animals are related with the chemical reactions . Biochemistry is the branches of life sciences which deals with both biology & chemistry.
- Biology is related to the chemistry for the fopllowing points
- The genetics materials such as DNA& RNA are formed by chemicls.
- The enzymes, hormones, etc secreted in animals are exclusively chemicals.
- Biology is related with the physics for the following points.
- Many biological instruments such ass microscope,x-ray diffraction,etc follow the physics
- Certain life process such as ascent of sap, diffusion,movement of minerals,etc follows the physics.
Branches of zoology related to their medical science
- Bacteriology;study of bactaria
- Virology;study of virus causing diseases
- Epidemiology;study of epidemic diseases
- Immunology;study of defences and resistance agnaist any diseases
- Helminthology;study of helminth parasites
- Parasitology;study of parasites
- Enzymology;study of enzymes
- Hematology;study of blood
- Cardiology;study of heart
- Oesteology;study of bones
- Endocrinology;study of endrocrine glands and hormones
Branches of Zoology
- Entomology;study of the insects
- Ichtology;study of the fishes
- Helminthology;study of the helminth worms
- Mammalogy;study mammals
- Orinithology;study of birds
- Parasitology;study of parasitic worms
- Virology;study of virus
- Herpetology;study of reptiles
- Anthropology;study of human evolution &culture
- Cnidology;study of coelenterates
- Euthenics;study of improvement of human race through laws of heredity
- Karyology;study of nucleus
- Malacology;study of molluscs
- Microbiology;study of microorganisms
- Protology;study of unicellular organisms.
Branches of boilogy
The study of biology can be divided in to several species or disciplines which are as follows-
- Morphology;Study of external features of organisms
- Anatomy;Study of internal features of organisms
- Cytology;study of structure of functions of cells & tissus
- Genitics;study of hereditaryhracters & the their herietance
- Taxonomy;study of the classificatoon of the organisms
- Ecology;study of relationship beetwen living organisms & environment
- Physiology;study of the life procees
- Histrology;study of structure& functions of tissus
- Biotechnology;techions of using of the organisms
- Pathology;study of the diseases caused bby the organisms
- Evolution;study of the origin of the life & human evolution
- Embrology;study of the embryo
- Paleontology;study of the plant
- Microbiology;study of the micro-organisms
- Biochemistry;study of the chemistry of living organisms
- Genetics engineering;study of the production desireable genotypes by synthesis & combination of different genes.
Monday, July 4, 2011
sample of thebiology editing
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peoples learning from the themes
from the themes of the environment peoples learning the most important things about the environment.environment gives the all factors that needed for the living things . environment plays the vital role in the world to preserve the natural things which created by the nature.with out the environment non-things are created in the world & non-things are avilable & the organism are not being a allowed to alive in the environment.
Themes of the world environment days
- 2007-melting ice
- 2006-don't desert dryland
- 2005-grren cities\plan for the planet
- 2004-wanted seas&ocean\dead or alive
- 2003-water\for the two billon people or drying the land
- 2002-give earth a chance
- 2001-connect with the world web of the life
- 2000-the environment millionnium =time of the act
- 1999-our earth - our future - just save it
- 1998- for life on earth \ save our seas
- 1986- A tree for the peace
- 1985- Youth for the population &the environment
Environment
these all above all cantains in the environment . these animals and plants increases as the contidition of the environment environment means all the external facts that that are required for the organism thes factors may be bioticor abiotic.such as human being ,plants animals,heat tempreture ,wind etc.threre is a connection beetween the environment and organism.there is a intererection between the living things and the non-living things.this intereation forms as ecosystemvarious activitious of the living beings have caused tjhe changes in the environment.
Introduction of biology
- It's the one of the branch of the science which studies the life of animals,plants and environment factors . Biology contains the mostly in the environment factors that needed for the living beings. The study of the relationship of organisms to each other and to their environment is called the bio ecology and the study of the life is called biology. The study of the biological function and mechanics is called bionics. mainly biology is contains the two structure that's animal and plants kingdom in the animal parts are classified in to the two groups that's vertebrates and invertebrates
- First's vertebrates contains the following:
- Pieces;seahorse
- Amphibian; Frog,Toad
- Reptile;Snake,Lizard
- Birds;Dove,Sparrow
- Mammals;man,bat,whale
- Protozoa;paramecium,amoeba
- Porifera;spongilla
- Coelenterate;hydra,jellyfish
- Polyhelmenthes; tapeworm,liverfluke
- Aschehelminthes;hookworm,ascaris
- Annelida;earthworm,leech
- Arthopoda;crustaca,prown
- mollusca;octpus,snail
- Echiondarmata;starfish
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